LDM Quick Tutorial
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Introduction
This quick tutorial assumes that you have already installed LDM. It explains the main design features you should understand, and how to access and use them.
Categories and Entries
LDM manages a collection of entries, each of which points to a url link or a downloadable file. These entries are organised within categories.
The organisation of your collection is completely flexible and you can change it at any time. Categories form a tree structure and can be nested to any reasonable depth. Each category can contain any number of child categories and entries. Each entry can be placed in one or several categories at the same time. There is no practical limit to the number of entries that LDM can handle. There is a limit of 32,767 categories, which is imposed for reasons of efficiency.
Keep in mind that categories and entries are completely separate from your vBulletin forums. However, LDM can 'autocreate' forum threads that announce new LDM entries, and can also 'autocreate' forum links that take users quickly between your forums and categories.
Your users will see and be able to browse and use this collection, according to the permissions you give them and according to the control settings you establish. What happens when they try to use (i.e. access) entries in the collection depends upon te nature of the entry.
Links and Downloads
Entries in your collection can be links (i.e. bookmarks) or downloads (i.e. files). The difference may seem obvious, but read on...
- Downloads are files that have filetypes that appear in vBulletin's attachment filetype table. It does not matter where these files are actually stored - on your server or on another server. What matters is that the filetype appears in the vBulletin attachments table, with accurate mimetype information. LDM actively manages downloads - it keeps secret the location of the files, tracks accesses, recognises files (such as media) that need special handling, limits use of bandwith and downloads, allows users to upload files for others can download, and generally controls the transfer from and to your users.
- Everything else is a link. LDM handles links more passively than downloads. It will add them to the database and keep track of who accesses them. But it delegates the process of transferring the contents of link for display in a browser or to be stored as a file, to the browser and the site's web server.
Since you can always add and remove filetypes to/from the vBulletin attachments table (see Configuring Filetypes in vBulletin), you can freely change which entries are considered to be links or downloads.
Some of LDM's features are only available for filetypes that are downloadable, such as:
- LDM uploads
- The LDM Jukebox and media players.
Equally, some features are better suited to the handling of links rather than downloads, such as:
In a clean vBulletin setup:
- Filetypes bmp, doc, gif, jpe , jpeg, jpg, pdf, png, psd, ttf, txt and zip will be managed as downloads.
- http://yoursite will be a link
- http://yoursite/yourdir/yourfile.pdf will be a download, because pdf is included in the default vBulletin attachments table
- http://yoursite/yourdir/yourfile.mp3 will be a link because mp3 is not included in the default vBulletin attachments table
Everything else will be treated as a link until you extend the attachments table.
For example, to manage a library of mp3 music files, visit (Configuring Filetypes in vBulletin) the vBulletin admin pages and add the appropriate mimetype information for mp3 files to the attachments table.
Links and downloads also offer different trade-offs between efficiency and security. In general, processing a link is more efficient than processing a download, because LDM is not providing the intermediate file handling. However, this improvement is achieved at the cost of a loss of security: the location of the file being transferred becomes visible to the prying user. (See Speed, Security and Server Load.)
There are certain limitations built into the PHP scripting language (in which vBulletin and LDM are written) which may affect this trade-off. For example, 32-bit versions of PHP can only handle downloads of files that are smaller than 2GBytes.
Entry Attributes
Each entry in your database has certain attributes: its name, url/file, a description, optionally an associated image, and internal data such as the number of visits and the time it was created/last modified. The entry can also have associated keywords, user comments and ratings.
You can extend this list by creating new Entry Attributes, which contain additional text strings, urls, images, media files, etc. You can use this approach, for example, to associate several downloadable files with one entry, to tag your media files with their ID3 tags, etc.
Attributes are created, edited and grouped using the LDM->Admin->Entity Attributes page. You can define any reasonable number of new attributes, and group them as you wish. All attributes are in principle available throughout your database, but it is possible to make groups of attributes visible or invisible on a per-category basis. This allows you to provide different groups of attributes in different categories: your music library can use one set and your photo library another.
After you have defined the required entity names, types and groups using the LDM->Admin->Entity Attributes page, the Add/Edit Entry and Add/Edit Category forms gain new fields:
- The Add/Edit Category form allows you to modify which groups will be displayed and in which order, and in which order the entry attributes will be displayed in each group
- The Ad/Edit Entry form includes fields for entering the attributes values.
The names and values of these attributes then appear within the entry's linkbit.
Keywords
Keywords allow you to establish new layers of structure within your LDM database. They can be used to group related entries so that searches are more precise, to help your users create pre-defined searches for items of interest to them, and to improve the quality of LDM's "suggest entries like this" feature.
An entry can have any number of associated keywords. These keywords can be assigned when entries are added to the LDM database, or by editing an existing entry, using the 'Keywords' tab on the Add/Edit Link form. Users who have can_edit_keyword privilege can assign keywords from the pre-defined list. Users who have can_add_keyword can also define and assign new keywords.
Keywords can also be managed using the Administer->Keywords command and associated en masse with entries with the Administer->Mass Edit commands.
Digital Object Identifiers
Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are a standardised way of giving documents unique identity on the internet. A DOI is, in effect, a keyword made up of a string letters, digits and the characters '-' and '_'.
LDM supports DOIs via the enable_doi setting. . Entries can be searched and retrieved by DOI:
- via the drop-down DOI search box on the main LDM Search menu (which will match the doi exactly as entered, and is Ajax-enabled);
- via the 'Advanced Search' form on the Search menu (which will carry out a search for doi's matching the string in part);
- by entering a direct link into LDM in the form local_links.php?doi=string.
Controlling LDM
LDM's behaviour is controlled using a series of settings and permissions, accessed via the LDM->Administer->Settings and LDM->Administer->Permissions pages. The adminstration pages can be reached via the vb AdminCP and within LDM itself.
Initially, the LDM has an empty database, i.e. contains no categories and no entries. Basic permissions have been set to allow administrators (and only administrators) to add and edit material and to allow everyone else to see what is available. Basic settings have been applied to allow LDM to function in an obvious manner, and to disable some features such as uploads, moderation and use of entry thumbnail images.
Each permission and setting has a global value, which applies throughout the product. Many (but not all) of these global values can be over-ridden within individual categories. For example:
- rights to add new entries and the way the category contents are displayed can be set on a per-category basis, whereas
- basic security setting such as the right to administer the database only have global values.
Per-category permissions and settings are set by editing the category concerned and using the Control Setting and User Permissions tabs. Such changes then apply hierarchically to the category's subcategories, unless explicitly over-ridden in the sub-category.
Authorising Access and Use
Full details can be found in Controlling Access.
LDM Permissions control the rights to access and use LDM. Permissions take the form can_DOTHIS and must_DOTHAT. They are applied on a per-usergroup basis.
As illustration, only users in groups with can_add_category permission see and can use the *Add Category* command. Those in groups with can_moderate_links can act as moderators. And those with must_rate_link can only download an entry after they have provided a comment/rating on that entry.
A second level of control is provided by Forum-based Access Control. This associates individual entries or categories with specific vBulletin forums, and then uses the forum's security settings to define who can see each entry/category. Forum-based Access Control is switched off by default, but provides a finer form of control than is possible with LDM's category-based permission system.
Modifying how LDM behaves
The administrative LDM Settings control how LDM works, for example how entries and categories are displayed. Be aware that there are quite a large number of options available. These have been grouped logically, but please be willing to search settings that do what you want to do.
Creating Categories
Point your browser at local_links.php. LDM's home page appears. Select *Add Category* from the *Categories* pull-down menu to open the category form.
This form has three control tabs near the top of the page.
The Category Details tab sets out fields used to describe the category.
Of the fields in this tab, only the category name must be completed. Other fields can be left empty and will then take on sensible default values. For example, a category has a description, used in general category listings, and also an extended description, used in the category's page header. If no extended description is given, the general description is used as page header instead.
Each of the category name, description and extended description fields can include bbcodes, smilies, images and html, provided the administative settings permit this. (By default, bbcodes, smilies and images are permitted, and html is not.)
By selecting a forum within the 'Parent Forum' field, the category becomes 'associated' with that forum. One consequence is that the category (and by default also its entries) acquire the viewing permissions of chosen forum. Otherwise, the category and its entries will normally be visible to everyone who visits your site. (To be more precise, when a category or entry is associated with a forum, only those users who have both can_view_forum and can_view_others_threads permissions for the forum can see the category or entry. See Access Control for more details.)
Forum association also gives the possibility to create a sub-forum within the selected forum. This is in fact as Forum Link, in other words giving users a direct link from the forum to the category.
The forum association can also be used to "auto-create" a post in that forum whenever a new entry is added to the category. This requires installation of the autocreate_threads extra, as described in Hacking LDM.
When a category is marked as 'closed', it will only accept new entries from administrators.
The Control Settings tab is used to over-ride the global settings which control how category contents are displayed, whether entries require moderation, etc. Unless you explicitly set values on this tab, the category will inherit its settings from its parent. Similarly, any changes made here apply to the category itself and are also inherited by any child categories. You can use this feature (for example) to set up some categories with settings appropriate for displaying photographs and others with settings appropriate for music files.
The User Group Permissions tab is used to over-ride the inherited usage permissions for the category. For example, you can deny permission to add new entries to this category to members of the "Registered" usergroup, even though you have given that group permission to add entries to other categories. Again, any permissions set here will be inherited by any child categories.
Creating Entries
The Add Entry command appears in the main LDM toolbar when a user views an open category in which she has permission to add new entries. Depending on the current LDM Settings, selecting this command takes the user to a form to add a single entry or to create multiple entries sharing some common parameters.
The single entry form is similar to that shown in the illustration, depending on general settings and the current user's permissions. As administrator, you can make data entry as simple or sophisticated as you wish. For example, the associated forum, thumbnail image and file upload fields will only appear if the administrator enables these features and grants appropriate permissions.
The only essential fields on the form is the entry's name. Even the url can be omitted if allow_null_links is set.
Specifying an Entry's File or URL
Files and urls are specified using either the fully-qualified url with http:, https:, ftp:, irc: and mms: protocols, or the local filename on the server.
If the file is on your server, it is usually better to specify a local filename (e.g. /sitefiles/song1.mp3). You can use a full URL in this situation (e.g. http://yoursite/sitefiles/song1.mp3), but this will increase cpu load and reduce the possibility for LDM to offer fully secure access to the file.
By default, when a local filename is used, LDM looks for the file relative to the website home directory. For example, it will:
- look for file.pdf in the home directory and
- look for /dir/file.pdf in the subdirectory /dir.
The settings local_file_root and local_file_root_prefix are used to modify this default behaviour, allowing you to restrict which files can be accessed and even keep the files outside the website altogether. This is explained in Speed, Security and Server Load.
When using the full url, LDM accepts an optional username/password combination in the entry, giving a means to access files on sites which use Apache's authentication methods (e.g. http://username:password@yoursite/sitefiles/song1.mp3).
Other fields on the Entry Form
As with category entry, the main text fields in the *Add Entry* form can use VBulletin's bbcodes, smilies, images and html, according to the LDM Settings.
If the *Parent Forum* field is visible, this can be used to restrict which users will be able to view and access the entry, see Access Control.
Entries are normally listed according to the currently selected sort order, i.e. they have equal status in category displays. The display_order field is used to over-ride this behaviour and create subgroups of entries within the category.
Uploads
The entry creation form includes fields for uploading files and thumbnail images, provided these conditions are met:
- upload_enabled and upload_dir are set
- the user has can_upload_files privilege
LDM comes with two uploaders: the default form-based uploader, which works silently and provides no indication of progress, and the SWFupload 'extra', which has a progress bar and better error diagnostics.
Some restrictions apply:
- the upload must have a filetype which appears in the main vBulletin attachments table and (if this parameter is set) also listed in LDM's upload_filetypes setting
- the file must not be larger than the limit set for these attachments, see below
- the total disk usage for all uploads must be less than upload_maxspace, if set
- the user must not have exceeded his personal upload allowance, if set (Admin/Allowances)
If the entry is subsequently deleted from the LDM database, the uploaded files and any associated images are deleted from the server.
The maximum size of any file upload is limited by the values set in your php.ini file, see Site Configuration. This limit apply to all users and cannot be over-ridden inside LDM and vBulletin. Individual uploads are also limited according to the contents of the vBulletin Attachments table. For a given filetype, if the maximum filesize field in this table is left empty or set to zero, the general upload size limits defined by your server's php.ini file will apply. Otherwise, the upload can be no larger than this maximum. These limits apply to all users except members of the administrator usergroup.
In other respects, uploads behave like normal entries.
See also File Upload Settings
Image Thumbnails
LDM offers the option to display thumbnail images within the main entry displays. Thumbnails are enabled when LDM->Admin->Settings link_imagesize is set to a positive value. This value specifies the size to display the thumbnail along its larger dimension.
When LDM->Admin->Settings thumbs_dir points to a writeable directory within your web site, the thumbnails are cached to disk, resulting in faster page loads. Otherwise, thumbnails are generated on-the-fly whenever a user views the entry, which results in slower page generation and increases the load on your server.
The rules for specifying and constructing the image are as follows:
- If link_imagesize is not set, the Add/Edit Entry form will not include a field to specify an image file and no image will be created or displayed
- Otherwise, the Add/Entry form will include an Image field (and, if user uploads have been enabled, also an Image Upload field)
- Provided this field points to a valid image file, the file contents are read and used to create the thumbnail. If the image is larger than link_imagesize, it is scaled down; otherwise it is displayed at its full size, i.e. it is not scaled up
- If the image field is left blank, LDM attempts to create a thumbnail using the main url. This is possible when the main url points to an image file. (The id3tag-enhancements extra extracts image tags from mp3 files. For other filetypes, you can write a plugin tied to the ldm_link_autoimage hook.)
By default, image files can be in .gif, .jpg or .png format. If the test-newimagecode extra has been installed (version 2.3.0) and set to use the imagemagick library, othe image formats are available.
If a thumbnail has been cached in the thumbs_dir, this will displayed, even if the image file itself has changed. You can regenerate a single thumbnail by editing and saving the entry. Alternatively, you can instruct LDM to clear and regenerate all thumbnails using the
icon next to the image statistics in the Statistics box on any LDM->Admin page.
Post-Dating and Expiring Entries
By using the 'Expiry' parameters on LDM->admin->settings or Category->Control Settings pages, entries can be set to appear at a particular date and time and then expire after a certain number of days.
When this feature is enabled, new entries become visible at the submission time indicated on the data entry form, which can be post-dated. Entries then remain visible for the number of days specified for the category or globaly, or can be 'expired' manually by editing the entry.
Depending on the settings chosen, expired entries may remain where they are but be hidden from general view, or may be moved automatically to a new category. Depending on the 'Expiry' settings of the new category, the moved entries may become generally visible again, or may be given new expiry dates.
Users can still see expired and post-dated entries if they are members of usergroups with can_view_hidden permission.
Viewing the Contents of your LDM Database
The main LDM displays are laid out as follows:
- A header describing the current category, search, etc.
- A list of subcategories
- A list of featured entries, if any
- A list of entries
The entry list is paginated if necessary, but the subcategory and featured enty lists are not.
Many aspects of this layout can be changed globally (see LDM Settings, Controls on How Categories are Displayed; How Entries are Displayed; Featured Sites; etc) or within specific categories (Edit Category).
You can change the number of entries shown per page, the depth of subcategories to include in the category listings, the size of thumbnail images, etc. Fine detail of the entry and category layout is controlled by the choice of vBulletin template that is used. LDM refers to these as the linkbit and catbit templates. Several linkbit templates and two catbit templates are included in the standard release, suitable for documents, music files, photographs, etc.
Sorting
Most LDM screens include a drop-down menu that enables the user to sort the current display by name, date of submission, rating, hits in total, hits in the last 30 days, 7 days and 24 hours. Both entries and categories are sorted when this makes sense; otherwise, entries are sorted and subcategories shown in alphabetical order. Entry sorting applies within groups that have the same display_order. Entries with different display_orders are always kept separate.
If you choose to sort according to hits in the last N days, only entries that were actually visited in that period will be shown, and the displayed hit count will refers to that time period only. Otherwise, all entries will be shown and an overall hit count displayed. For this reason, it is not a good idea to set the global or per-category default sort order to 'last 30/7/1 days', because users will then not see the unvisited or new entries.
The default order in which entries and categories are presented is established on the LDM admin page. This default can be over-ridden in each category.
Social Networking
There are several ways in which users can flag interesting entries to themselves and to each other and comment on them.
Favourites and Featured Entries
Users with can_mark_link privilege can select and mark entries as their "Favourites." They can view their favourites as a collection by selecting the menu bar command Show/My Links.
The favourites of any users listed in the featured_user_favs parameter setting are treated as featured entries. Category listings include a random selection of featured entries. (Accompanying parameter settings control how many favourites are shown, whether they appear only in their own category, etc.)
Starred Entries
The starred entry system provides you with a means to run "Entry of the Week/Month/etc" contests. Turned off by default, the feature is enabled using LDM->Admin->Settings, where you also specify the period for which competitions will run, the number of periods for which to record the winners, and the number of winners to report per period.
Users can only nominate entries submitted by other users, not their own. The current nomination can be changed at any time until the end of the nominations period.
Ratings and Comments
Users with can_rate_link privilege can give entries a 'star' rating and also add comments and remarks about these entries. Ratings follow a one to five scale. These ratings can be changed at any stage, with the new rating replacing what went before.
Users can also provide any number of comments with their rating, perhaps as part of an on-going discussion about the merits of the entry. These comments can be edited after submission, and can be deleted by the submitting user or by an administrator.
The main LDM linkbits can display and add comments and rating either via dropdown or inline lists, with the inline lists optionally Ajax-enabled. These options are selected by the adminstrator.
Although unregistered users can be given can_rate_link privilege, the effect is to offer them a "Please Register" link before they will be allowed to rate and add comments.
Send to Friend
The Send to Friend icon in the entry bits allows users with can_send_to_friend permission to email interesting entries to their friends.
Reporting Problematic Entries
The Report Entry icon in the entry bits allows users with can_report_link to report problematic entries. The distribution of this report depends on the LDM->Admin->Settings report_email and report_email_usernames, as follows:
- =0 : report is emailed to users defined in report_email_usernames
- =1 : As 0 plus category/forum moderators
- =2 : As 1 plus all vBulletin moderators
- =3 : As 2 plus all vBulletin supermoderators and administrators.
Searching
The search facilities in LDM can be used:
- The *Search* menu : to find entries with selected words, phrases, etc in their titles and descriptions; associated keywords; or additional attributes
- The *Show* menu : to find standard groups of entries
- The *DOI* menu : (only visible if the Digital Object Identifier feature is enabled) the entry with a specified DOI.
The default behaviour of LDM's search engine is controlled by settings on the Admin/Settings page.
Text Searches
The Search menu provides a 'Quick Search' box and an 'Advanced Search' command. These are used to find entries with names, descriptions, keywords or attributes matching the specified words or phrases.
Searches entered in the Quick Search box behave according to the defaults established by the administrator.
These defaults can be overridden within the Advanced Search command, where it is also possible (for example) to restrict a search to certain categories and filetypes, etc. The main text box in the Advanced Search form is Ajax-enabled, so that, as users start to enter characters, drop-down menus appear to reveal possible matching keywords.
Saving and Reusing Searches
The Advanced Search page enables a user to save and restore selected search queries. (Note that the query parameters are saved, not the results of the search, so each time the search is executed, it will retrieve entries according to the current contents of the database.)
The user's full list of saved searches is presented on the Advanced Search page, with options to retrieve the search query prior to launching the search, to execute the search directly, and to manage the saved searches.
If LDM->Admin->Setting show_searchmenu is enabled, when a user creates or manages a saved search, he can choose to add the saved search to the search drop-down menu which appears on the main LDM toolbar. Administators can add searches to this menu for all users. At most four searches are listed, starting with the most recent.
Searches Linked to User Profiles
LDM can also set up pre-defined searches based on the contents of user profiles. These are shown on the Advanced Search pages, and also (if the LDM->Admin->Setting show_profilesearchmenu is enabled) as 'My Profile Searches' on the Search drop-down menu.
These searches are constructed by examining the profile fields indicated by the LDM->Admin->Setting profile_searchfield, according to the value of profile_search_all. For text fields, LDM will extract the words entered by the user and use these as the basis for search queries. For other types of field (radio and checkbox lists and selectable menus), LDM will use the titles of any selected options.
Standard groups of entries: Favourite, Hot, New Entries, etc
The *Show* menu provides a list of standard searches for entries, including as My Favourites, What's Hot, What's New and New Ratings. Administrators also see Available Links, Broken Links, etc.
Suggested Entries
The "Suggest Entries Like This" feature (disabled by default) uses hits, favourites and keywords to identify other entries that may appeal to the user. In essence, an entry is considered to resemble another by checking the number of users who have hit both or added both to their favourites, and according to the number of matching keywords.
The "Suggest" icon appears within an entry's linkbit if an entry has at least one hit and the administrator has enabled the feature. Selecting that icon produces a list of related entries sorted in descending order of similarity.
As usual, this feature's behaviour is controlled using LDM->Admin->Settings.
Media Players - The Jukebox
The Jukebox plays recognised media files directly within LDM. It comes preconfigured to use:
- Jeroen Wijering's Flash-based player as its default player for mp3, flv and swf files;
- Windows MediaPlayer for most other media types on Windows PCs;
- QuickTime on Macs and
- RealPlayer on Linux boxes
Via the Jukebox, LDM can be configured to:
- allow some users to (watch/listen to) content without being able to save it
- control which utility (Windows Media Player, RealPlayer, QuickTime) handles the file
- handle new file types and new players
In order to use the Jukebox:
- Ensure that file_icons_dir points to a supplied icons directory
- Give can_play_musicbox permission to authorised usergroups
- Ensure you have set up mimetype information for media filetypes in the VBulletin filetypes table, see Configuring Filetypes in vBulletin
You can prevent users from saving media files:
- Either turn off can_access_link for the required user groups to prevent these usergroups from accessing *any* LDM entry except through the Jukebox
- Or turn off can_save_musicbox for the required user groups. This has the same effect as turning off can_access_link but only applies to media files handled by the Jukebox
LDM selects the appropriate media player to use according to filetype and operating system, based on a priority system. LDM keeps an internal list of filetypes; media players that handle these filetypes; operating systems on which these players work; and control information for each player. Each combination of player and filetype is assigned a priority. LDM uses the player with the highest priority for the given file and user operating system. You can change these priorities (and also change players' behaviour) on the LDM->admin->media players page. See Media Players for more information.
There are a number of Extras supplied to extend the Jukebox:
- to work with a range of flash video files such as YouTube
- to use the Wimpy media player for mp3 and flash video files
- to extend the default JW flash-based player to work inline within entries rather than in a popup Jukebox
- to set up mimetype entries in vBulletin for a full range of media filetypes
Category Synchronisation
This feature allows you to create categories that are automatically populated and kept synchronised with the contents of directories on your web server, i.e. to use LDM as a simple file explorer and manager.
Take care: it is not a good idea to setup LDM to synchronise very large directory structures containing hundreds of directories or many thousands of files. The synchronisation process will never complete.
When category synchronisation is enabled (using Admin->Settings or Add/Edit Category->Control Settings), users with can_set_permissions permission see a Synchronise with field in the Add/Edit Category form:
- Leave this field empty when creating a standard category that is intended to accept entries from you and your users.
- Enter the name of a directory on your server into this field to populate the category with the names of files in this directory and then to keep the two in sync.
Examples
1. Create a category called Files that lists the files stored in the /Files directory on your web site.
- Enable category synchronisation on the Administration->Settings
- Use Add Category and create a category called Files
- Enter /Files in the Synchronise With field
2. As in (1), but you want to synchronise only mp3 files and you want to organise these into subcategories according to the subdirectories in which they are contained in /Files/Music
- Enable category synchronisation on the Administration->Settings
- Use Add Category and create a category called Music
- Enter /Files/Music in the Synchronise With field
- Go to the Category/Control Settings tab
- Enter mp3 into the sync_filetypes field
- Enable sync_populate_categories
A more detailed explanation is given in Synchronising Categories and Directories.
Connecting with Features in vBulletin
For the most part, LDM is kept separate from other vBulletin features. However, several links are available as options, controlled using the LDM Admin Settings and Edit Category forms:
- New LDM entries and entry comments can be 'auto-announced' in selected forums
- User entries and accesses can be included in the User Profile, and the User Profile can be used as a basis for searching LDM
- LDM Categories can be set up as linked subforums
- Forum permissions can be used to control access and viewing rights within LDM
Extras are provided with versions 3.x that integrate LDM with the Forum Sidebar and with the vBulletin CMS.





